Fourth Quis

INITIAL OBSERVATION AND REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

System investigation concept

Differential between system purpose and real condition of system

Gap between system purpose and real condition of system, that usually causes by the failure of the system, and how to understanding why other systems failed to achieve the goals that the system has been determined previously. The analyst must know the different and the mistakes of the system to solved the problem. With the investigation that we know what must we do if there are something problem about differential between system purpose and real condition of the system.

Reports in the detection problem may not actually be real or can not be solved. This may be because:

v The purpose to ideal, can make difficult to realize the system destination and the report of system investigation will be failed.

v The system can not be developed because of lack of resources, attitudes, or both.

v Measure the system not accurate. The lack of measuring system can make an error report of investigation system.

v Statement of goals is dated.

v Different between idle system and temporary system. It can make the system be difficult cause have a crucial differential.

Problem solving:

1. Accurate investigation
2. Get a ideal consensus system
3. Expand some alternative
4. Choose the best alternative

~~Investigation Purpose to indicate the real problem

Constraint in Investigation System

When doing investigation, we have some problems:

1. Time

System investigation need a lot of times, so we must use it very well to balancing the efficiency.

2. Cost

Often the costs incurred related to the length of time for activities investigas, so that management will give the limits of cost.

3. Knowledge

Lack of project knowledge will impact on the results of investigations that are less mature or complete.

4. Politic

Management or the parties may distribute certain issues which aim to restrict the investigation activities.

5. Interference

Control activities in investigate that will disrupted. The investigation will failed like that.

Recommendation

Result of investigation is a recommendation which is filled with:

- Never take any action

This is mean when there is no problems find in system we can’t take any actions.

- System maintenance

System maintenance needs to maintenance small problems like when job description not runs very well. So we must solve that problem and after we solve it we must maintenance.

- increase ability or user ability

- Totally consider to system modification

- Put problem into the development system plan

Investigation tactic

Why need some tactic?

1. To find all the problem.

We must find all about our problem

2. To find out the reason.

We must find a reason of our problem.

3. To find out the best solution.

We must find the solution to solve our problem

Investigation tactics need to all element system be able to receive offer solution without interrupt their activities.

Several tactics:

1. listen suggestion from system agent
2. don’t give first solution
3. consideration several stories from system agent about same cases
4. notice the logical inconsistent problem

Investigation Technique

• Direct:

Ø Questioner

Ø Question and Answer

Ø Monitoring

• Non-direct:

Ø Current procedure

Ø Learn the document

Ø Sample

Ø Tabular

System description at this time

Determine the performance of the system at this time will have difficulty when
company does not have a standard performance measurement system.
Unfortunately, companies tend not to update
documentation systems that are running. Therefore, analysts improve document system problems during the investigation.
Description of the system include a clear explanation at this time:
a. Inputs
b. Outputs
c. Files
d. Data elements
e. Transaction volume document and action
f. Data flow diagrams

Analysis Requirement

Intensive interaction stage between systems analyze with end user when team development system show their skill to get some reaction and trust the user until the get good participation.

4 goal wish to achieve:

v Explain the system completely

v Describe the ideal information system

v Bring the ideal information system at moment with observe the resource constraint

v Give push to user conviction into development system

Method:

v Interviews

v Questioner

v Observation

v Current procedure

v Document monitoring

Resource constraint

v Time

v Cash

v Skill

v Technology

v External factor

Document analysis requirement

v Analysis direction: relationship with the end user, process monitoring, problems in data gathering.

v User needs: real needs, report needs, exercise needs, and new system influence.

v System constraint: explain time and cost constraint, skill, technology and external factor.

v Document kind data gathering instrument, statistic consensus, data flow according to physic and logical, first data element in data dictionary.

Generating Systems Alternatives

How do approach the condition of the system at this time with the condition of the ideal system?

We can create alternative care to solve the information system.

The best alternative can applied wisely.

Strategy selection

v Distributed versus centralized processing.

Change information decision from centralized data processing to decentralized end user responsibility center.

v Integrated versus dispersed database.

System planner must consider what kind of incoming data to database and incoming to file.

v Surround Strategy of System Development.

Environs are important strategy in case overtake company because information system from other company possible different with company at moment.

Selection tactic

Do before operational planner selection started. If we can make some tactic before doing operational planner, we can choose the best tactic to solve the problem.

Operational planner selection

Operational planner selection

Planner selection is able categorize into:

Ø Input

v Online Vs Off Line Data Entry

v Keyed Vs Machine Readable Data Entry

v Centralized Vs Decentralized Data Entry

Ø Processing

v Batch Vs Real-time record update

v Sequential Vs Direct Access to records

v Single Vs Multiple User update of records

Ø Output

v Traditional Vs Turn Around Documents

v Structured Vs Inquiry based reports

Selecting the Proper System

Equal tactic is equivalent system based on cost and profit relatively. There is three system, A is more excellent with other system if:

1. A have low cost then B and their profit same.
2. A have low cost then B and A produce profit more than B.
3. A and B have same cost but produce of profit A more than B.

Several comparative method system

1. Break Even point analysis
2. Payback period
3. Discounted payback period
4. Internal rate of return

Cost category

1. Hardware
2. Software
3. People
4. Suppliers
5. Telecommunications
6. Physical sites

Cost details

Equal system information cost by means of life system, analyst projection several cost change for future and 3 cost model information system that is Linear, Exponential and Step Function.

Information system cost happen in one time and be able happen continuous.

• Information system cost happening in one time that is on-time cost and development cost while system development consist.
• Information system cost happening continuous there are recurring cost with operational cost while cost happen at information system operated every day.

Information System Factor

Qualitative factor direct to best information system there are:

1. reduce mistake state
2. reduce time to solve mistake
3. reduce perceptive time from alternative workstation
4. increase time to supplying information
5. raise system security
6. increase update from active record
7. raise user satisfied

Company Strategy Factor

- user satisfied

- increase selling state

- commitment between consumer and vendor

- product information marketing

Representation Learning System

1. shortly presentation
2. reduce technically details
3. represented clearly with visual tools
4. if use model, use tools like laptop so more informative
5. pushed profit from information system proposal with several alternative agree with company condition

Advanced Decision or Not

• If company decision to develop the system then information department will doing advanced process there is system design process
• If the other way then System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) will stopped.
• Often find problem with studying system and usually top management will asked to do re-processing with studying system.
• Model will explained several continuous state and sometime information department will create decision to repeat state before explain studying system.
• With alternative, decision to repeat a state System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) before or not called Go – No –Go Decision